Great info thank you!
I discovered the source of my problem, what was keeping the wheel from turning. The side parts were potruding on the sides as if the wheel was shoved inside but didn't fit.
So I took it off to get a better look and it was pretty clearly not fitting correctly.
I pulled the wheel out and compared it to the images to the ones at this link: http://wiki.ultimaker.com/Ultimaker_rev.4_assembly:_Material_feed_mechanism and realized the side parts were installed incorrectly.
So I took it apart and pieced it together, but the sides are clearly warped.
The middle piece is also damaged, probably related to the damaged screw.
This is a preassembled kit I purchased from Makershed. I'm worried that these parts are too damaged because of incorrect assembly. Should I contact Ultimaker support to see if I can get replacement parts, or Makershed?