Hi Yellowshark,
Thanks for your answer. I think though that what you describe in your first paragraph is about cura? I have Cura at 0.3mm first layer. It's better but still not closed.
My examples are about slicing in Simplify3D.
In simplify3D you set the 'Primary Layer Thickness' as the overall layer thickness (the layer thickness for the primary extruder, yes it's confusing) and there is a separate box to set thickness and width of the first layer in percentage of the primary layer thickness.
In my last example photo above I was printing at 0.1mm, with first layer thickness at 200%, so 0.2mm.
In the Simplify3D manual it states that the first layer height doesn't change the amount of material being extruded, so if you print at 0.1 and you set the first layer height 90%, you print 100% of the material on a 0.09 layer, so it should become wider. It also says you can use this to make the first layer thicker as I am trying, but it would still extrude the same amount of material. Changing the first layer width doesn't seem to change that, but it does change the distance between the lines, so if you make the first layer wider it just prints the lines further apart ánd it stops further from the outline (see the most right image on my 3rd photo above).
So in conclusion:
In Cura I'm getting reasonable results with a .3 layer thickness, although the lines still don't connect entirely.
In Simplify3D I am unable to create a .3 first layer with a .1 overal resolution. I must oversee something really basic I think..