I'm on a Precision 5510 with the M100M processor, and I had the same problem. It did it even though I'm using an external 1080p monitor with the 4K screen disabled. I fixed the issue by going to the NVIDIA Control Panel, Manage 3D Settings, and setting the Preferred Graphics Processor for Cura to "High-Performance NVIDIA Processor". It probably uses a little more battery, but the graphics issue is fixed.
@ahoeben thanks for the suggestion that it's the Intel drivers, that led to my finding this solution.