I had exactly the same problem with my Ultimaker 3 and i have been trying to fix it for a week now.
Feeder tension, Bowden tube, hot and cold pulls ect.
Nothing worked so far, really frustrating.
But i did not check the fan.
Cleaned it now and there were indeed some filament strings inside that prevented it from running.
Problem solved and my Ultimaker 3 works fine again.
Thx a lot Smithy for this great tip 🙂