No, acceleration and Jerk control in Cura are disabled. My printer runs Marlin firmware (it's a Formbot Trex-3 IDEX with an 8 bit board) and has basic acceleration and jerk control built-in. However, without changing any firmware settings I get much better surface finish in Simplify 3D with identical print settings (as identical as I could make them). I prefer Cura's awesome features though, but it's just this last issue I can't seem to figure out to make a full migration from S3D. Surface finish is good on flat walls but not curved walls.
FYI: Just downloaded 4.8 beta in hopes the "Artifact removal in curves." fix would address this issue...but as you can see in the video below, it made no difference. Also, the video doesn't show it, but I can feel the bed make very minor but jerky motion when printing the circular outlines. It seems like the smaller the circular outline, the worst this gets.
Gonna try reducing polygon count from my CAD software and see it makes a difference.