Hi vitalsparks, Have been reading your interesting post and did the same test as you did when reading the temperature inside the nozzle using chromel alumel thermo couple. I did this because it was convenient, as I did a check of the hot end after some 2o hour printing with nylon first time at 256 deg. Celsius.   Here is the result from my setup: Set Temp. UM2        Nozzle Temp. UM2    Measured temp ext. instrument. deg. C                       deg. C