Was searching this same question. I found a Blender plugin called "Conform Object" that seems to do exactly what the OP is asking. It's a $10 plugin, and Blender is free, so very affordable. Haven't tried it myself yet, but I'm pretty excited to give it a whirl. Use cases I'm interested in: wrapping a lithophane around a curved surface; adding 3d wood grain textures to an object.
I found the plugin on this list of Blender plugins: https://cgcookie.com/posts/the-ultimate-2022-guide-to-the-best-blender-add-ons