I had similar issues on my sigma. It is an R17 with upgraded firmware and now bondtech extruders. I have e3d hot ends installed. I increased temperatures by about 10°C. Still had problems. In the R19 firmware, you can now control material flow. I set it to 115% and above described and shown problems are gone.
I'd like to set these 115% in cura 3.6.0 (running under opensuse leap 15.0). However, the flow setting and temperatures are not passed to the sigma.
hth
chris