I think it is time to contact support directly (Sander I guess). This issue is really annoying because (for me) it is totally random. I tried putting the filament spool on a lazy susan, printing at different temperatures, with/without combing, with the fan off or delayed and there is no pattern :(
There are prints with massive underextrusion, some with only a little bit of it and some prints with seemingly no underextrusion unless you look closer.
I am postponing all prints that are going to take several hours until I can fix this issue because I'd hate to waste so much filament just because some layers are missing.
I marked the bowden tube at the bottom, right benath the metal spring. While retracting I saw the mark jumping up and down so the bowden tube isn't seated firmly and moves in the direction of the retraction. I will print a new taller clip replacing the red on top of the black spacers on the printing head.