You said you did some different temp/speed tests. However, if you look to the bottom of the speed test object, you can see that the surface is rough for 3 (and 4 , but less). So at 3 cubic mm per second you have a too... higher temperature. It's higher because as you increase the speed the phenomenon disappears (if it should have been lower, it should have degraded with increasing the speed.
Now, in your test cube, 50 mm/s, at 0.1 mm, means 50*0.4*0.1=2 cubic mm per second. At this speed the temperature is much too higher and the surface would look like it is under-extruded, while it is actually just smashed hot plastic.
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gr5 2,224
That's normal and expected for this test. PASS! It takes a while for the extruder pressure to build back up after slowing down for the "writings". This test passed. It is meant for 230C. Did you do this test at 210C?
The CUBE however looks like a FAIL!
Was the cube at these settings?
Those seem okay. That's the absolute maximum speed I would print at that layer height and temperature. You are about half of the absolute limit of what the machine can do at this cold temperature.
It might be that this particular color of PLA needs a higher temperature. Did you change colors recently?
Also check your feeder to see if there is something inside letting it slip. Check the teeth of the feeder for bits of plastic inside the teeth.
Is this PLA harder or softer? Maybe it slips a little more in the feeder?
Another thing that may cause underextrusion on the cube: if your infill speed is slower than your shell speed. This seems very unlikely as most people do it the other way around.
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