The trickery by @GregValiant is totally unnecessary. While it is true that Cura places models on the buildplate regardless of their original location, it does remember the origin of the individual models. The "merge models" function @IRobertI mentioned is meant exactly for this scenario, and restores the original relative position of the models.
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IRobertI 521
Select the models as a group by holding down shift and clicking each one. Then right click on one of them and select "Merge models".
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GregValiant 1,342
This is just for general information.
Cura always imports STL files by center of geometry (the bounding box). Consequently it can be fooled.
If the center of geometry for each part in an assembly is the same in the XY then all models come in wherever, but you can re-locate them to the center of your build plate. They can be aligned where they belong in the Z but the XY dimensions of the bounding boxes need to be the same. The X Y dimensions can be up to the size of your build plate.
Take your base purple piece. All the other pieces will fit in it's "shadow". For each other piece (you would need to consider the green pieces separately since they are at different locations) add a feature that is the shape of the purple part in the plan view, and extrude it from 0 to -1 in the Z. The X0 Y0 for every part would be the same. When they come into Cura, move each one down -1 in the Z to put the new feature below the build plate.
Here is a screenshot from AutoCad. Three pieces have the base added (they don't need the chamfer).
Here is the assembly in Cura. The base purple piece is at 0,0,0. The other three pieces came in off the plate but I moved each one to 0,0,-1 (to hide the base below the top of the build plate.)
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