I guess I didn't do a good enough job of explaining the problem. Let me try to outline it more clearly.
- There is no issue with the generic materials. I can select them fine, but using the generic option doesn't allow one to use the full capabilities of the machine or Cura. There are many handicaps to using the generic material, including that you can only effectively use one at a time and you can't save their material parameters, so a custom material really is necessary to fully utilize the machine.
- Creating new profiles is not difficult. I know how to do it, in exactly the way you said, by duplicating an existing profile, unlinking, and changing what is necessary. I know about the risk with handler-specific parameters, but in my experience it isn't a big problem if you start with a material that is close to the one you want to add.
The issue is that, as but one example, you cannot add a new brand of PLA. If you wanted to use say Colorfabb Build Series PLA, you could duplicate the Generic PLA material, unlink it, change the necessary fields in the material definition, and save it. Next time you start Cura, it will download that new profile to the printer. The problem is that the new material will not appear as an option to select on the material handler when you load the material in the printer. However, if the material type field in the material settings, is set to 'PLA1' or 'PLA-A', instead of just 'PLA', the material WILL show up as an option to select on the material handler. Further experimentation will show that any new material you make, if it shares a material type with one of the generic materials, will not be available for selection on the material handler. Any new profiles with material types different from those available in the generics will be available for selection on the material handler. What I want to know is if this behavior was intentional or if this is a bug that needs to be addressed.