Cura will let you slice PLA with BB core, but wont let you slice PVA with an AA core.
As a rule of thumb Cura will warn you when we believe the results are wrong, but won't damage your printer (We don't know the truth, so we won't prevent you from doing this). If you are doing something that can damage your printer or is simply physically impossible (Layer height of 0, speeds above the speed of light, etc) slicing wont happen.
We've tested quite a bit with nozzle geometries and found out that printing PVA with a AA nozzle will result in PVA getting stuck inside the nozzle, which will then start to degrade and ruin the entire thing. Hence Cura preventing you from doing this.